Generic Aquifer Protection Matrix – SENARA

What is the Generic Aquifer Protection Matrix?

The GAPM was officially adopted by SENARA under Agreement No. 5497 in 2017 and is applied nationwide as a technical instrument for water and environmental management. It evaluates three main factors: aquifer vulnerability, groundwater recharge, and human-induced threats. Its results allow the classification of areas into restriction levels (high, medium, or low) and the establishment of appropriate protection measures.

Vulnerability

Analyzes the susceptibility of the aquifer to contamination or alteration.

Recharge

Evaluates the infiltration capacity and natural renewal of groundwater.

Threat

Considers land use and human activities that may affect the water resource.

How is the Matrix Applied?

The Generic Matrix is applied to projects involving groundwater abstraction, drilling, discharges, or intensive water use. Its methodology combines cartographic, hydrogeological, and environmental information, allowing the identification of protection zones around wells and springs:

Zone I: Absolute protection of the abstraction point.
Zone II: Moderate restrictions with limited land use.
Zone III: Area of influence or general aquifer recharge zone.

The results of the matrix guide institutional decision-making, municipal land-use planning, and environmental permitting processes.

When Should the Generic Matrix Be Applied?

SENARA requires or recommends the application of the matrix in the following cases:

Hydrogeological studies for groundwater concession or sewer exemption.
Technical reports for environmental feasibility before SETENA.
Municipal land-use plans and zoning regulations.
Projects involving wells, septic tanks, or subsurface discharges.

How Does Geo Costa Rica Support This Process?

At Geo Costa Rica, we apply the Generic Aquifer Protection Matrix according to the official methodology, integrating geospatial, hydrogeological, and regulatory analyses. We provide comprehensive support from zone delineation to institutional management.

1. Zone Delineation

We determine protection radii and restriction areas based on site conditions.

2. Cartographic Analysis

We model vulnerability and recharge using GIS tools and official technical data.

3. Technical Report

We prepare professional reports ready for submission to SENARA and SETENA.

Importance of the Matrix in Groundwater Management

The Generic Aquifer Protection Matrix is a key tool for the integrated management of water resources in Costa Rica. Its use helps identify critical recharge areas, guide territorial planning, and promote public policies for water conservation. In the academic field, it serves as a methodological reference for studying aquifer vulnerability and groundwater protection.

Do You Need to Apply the Generic Protection Matrix in Your Project?

At Geo Costa Rica, we provide expert guidance in the interpretation, application, and submission of the matrix to the corresponding institutions. We prepare technical analyses with professional reliability and geospatial precision.

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